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How to do it

  1. Buy an instant-read thermometer and use it on meat every time, in the thickest part away from bone.
  2. Cook poultry, including ground poultry, to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
  3. Cook ground beef and pork to 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
  4. Bring steaks, chops and roasts of beef, pork or lamb to 145 degrees Fahrenheit and rest them three minutes; cook fish to 145.
  5. Refrigerate leftovers within two hours of cooking, or within one hour if it is above 90 degrees outside.
  6. Keep the fridge at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or colder and the freezer at 0.
  7. Eat leftovers within three to four days and reheat them to 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
  8. Thaw frozen meat in the fridge, in cold water changed every 30 minutes, or in the microwave, never on the counter.
  9. Keep raw meat below ready-to-eat food in the fridge and on separate boards.

Stop and call a professional if

  • Vomiting or diarrhea with blood, a high fever, signs of dehydration, or symptoms lasting more than three days: get medical care.
  • The person who is ill is pregnant, a young child, an older adult or has a weakened immune system: call a doctor early.
  • Anyone shows trouble breathing, blurred vision or muscle weakness after eating: call 911.

Common mistakes

  • Judging doneness by color.
  • Leaving party food out all afternoon.
  • Cooling a big pot of chili on the stove overnight.
  • Thawing meat on the counter.
  • Tasting food to decide whether it has gone bad.

Quick self-check

Three questions. Your last score is kept in this browser.

1. What is the safe internal temperature for poultry?
2. How long can cooked food sit out on a normal day?
3. How long do most leftovers keep in the fridge?

Teach this to someone

A one-page sheet for showing a friend, a roommate or a kid: what to say, what to show, and one question to check it landed.

Sources

  • National food safety chart of safe minimum internal temperatures, current edition. Checked September 28, 2026.

Last reviewed . First published .